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Monday, 13 February 2017

VACCINATION-SOME CONCEPTS

IS VACCINATION DANGEROUS?

Nowadays in social networks like WhatsApp and Facebook, there are many articles appearing against vaccination and immunization without any clarity. Their arguments against vaccination do not offer any information and statements with any clear statistics. The statement was full of ambiguity and indefinite.
For example, see the following ambiguous statements with confusing statistics they give.
"In 1961 and thereafter in the US all the polio infections are due to the polio vaccine given in that period. This statement was given by the polio vaccine formulator Dr.Jonas Salk. He accepted that his own formula produced such a disaster."But this statement has no authority.
Dr.Sabin another immunologist has found out a formula to produce polio vaccine in which the triple virus stains(P-1, P-2, P-3) are attenuated(made less virulent) without using formaldehyde and can be given orally. By this method, the oral vaccine gives the individual a life long protection from polio.
Unlike the old method devised by Dr.Salk, this oral vaccine (Sabin Vaccine) is produced cost-effectively.
The old Salk polio vaccine which contains formaldehyde and to is given by injection is now outdated and replaced by the modern Sabin oral Polio Vaccine which is ought to be safer than the former.
In 2012 an international meeting organized by the World Health Organization in collaboration with U.S.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), and the Japanese Ministry of Health, in Geneva, Switzerland, decided to continue the research on Vaccine Derived Polio Virus (VDPV) which emerged in third world countries who received Oral Sabin Live virus Vaccines.
In India last year(2016) 44 cases of VDPV were noted in various states which received oral live vaccines.
The natural virus which is called a wild poliovirus especially the P-2 virus has been successfully eradicated from India. But last year they found 44 cases of polio infected by the P-2 virus. But by their research, they found that this P-2 stain is not by the wild variety it is due to the oral vaccination which is the live P-2 stain.
Hence the Government of India has decided to reintroduce the Injectable Salk Vaccine which does not contain P-2 virus but gives effective immunity to all three strains.
Similarly, Edward Jenner in 1796 tested his first smallpox vaccine to an eight-year-old James Phipps the son of his gardener Phipps who was already inoculated with cowpox virus. The boy was found healthy without any smallpox infection in the town of Gloucester in which there was widespread smallpox virus. Jenner was successful at that time. But the boy was later died at his age 21 by a brain tumor and the tumor was believed due to the vaccination given at the age of 8 by Jenner. Jenner was subjected to various criticisms.
But Jenner was granted by King George IV of England with an Honor of Physician Extraordinary for his invention.
Now we can study on the subject of what are vaccines and what they contain.
A vaccine is a suspension of attenuated dead or live microbes whose toxins are neutralized to an inactive state in order to induce in the human body to produce sufficient antibodies to give immunity to a, particularly contagious disease.
Alternatively, there is another older method of immunization known as antisera which is an active form of immunization in which ready-made antibodies are inoculated into the body to have immunity. The immunity induced passively in the body by vaccines lasts for a longer period while the active immunity acquired by the body through anti seras will last for a short period only.
By vaccination, the body may take a gestation period to produce immunity while by antisera the immunity is instant but lasts for a few days.
Anti Tetanus Sera (ATS) is an older method of immunization in which ready-made antibodies were inoculated to produce immunity against the antigens.
Pathogenic microbes including viruses when they infect our body, our body produce immunizing antibodies by natural induction.An appendix which is an attachment at the bottom of our intestine also acts as a secondary immunizing organ according to the latest study.
But many times our body is defeated by some deadly pathogens due to their virulence. By these situations curing the disease becomes difficult and many times ends in disaster.
To solve this difficulty the medical world considered prevention of the disease by some prophylactic medications before the pathogen overpowers our health.
Some pathogens provide their toxin a material that produces the disease fixed at the outer surface of the membrane to be secreted instantly once the pathogen enters inside the body. These toxins are known as Exotoxin. (e.g)Clostridium Botulinum,Corynebacterium Diphtheria
On the other hand, there are some oligosaccharides attached to an O-antigen present inside the microbial body is known as Endotoxin. But in some microbes, these oligosaccharide attached O-antigens may present at the surface of the microbial membrane to be secreted instantly (e.g)Neisseria app; Hemophilus spp.
Now we will see the concepts of vaccines and seras.
Seras or antisera are a form of inoculations in which their antibodies are ready-made and by injecting this the body will be immunized immediately. But the immunity may last for a few days only.Moreover, it may often produce allergic reactions as the antibodies injected are not produced by the body as its own. They are recognized by the body as foreign materials. The advantage over anti seras is it can be given along with vaccines to some individuals whose body may not respond to the vaccines immediately.
Vaccines are safer as they induce the body to produce its own antibodies in response to the corresponding vaccines. Yet there may be some reservations unless they are not prepared in a careful method.
Conclusively we cannot totally disagree or avoid vaccines and seras as they produced many benefits by eradicating many contagious diseases.
But there are many reservations and exemptions which we cannot ignore.
Yet while in some compelling situations take them with care and under the supervision and advice of a reputed medical professional.
There are some new companies before introducing their products in the commercial market they may use the people of the underdeveloped third world countries as sampling specimens to test their product's quality by compromising their government with bureaucracy.
The bureaucratic Government also helps them to promote their product. Though the Government gives the vaccine free of cost to the people the company will get its price from the public tax money through the Government. when this happened do not allow your children to have the vaccine and you use your right whether to accept or reject.
The newly-promoted MR(Measles and Rubella)Vaccine is also coming in his corrupted way as it gave many unwanted reactions to the children who have this.
Please be careful but do not avoid vaccinations totally. Have it with care and in a trusted way.





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